SwaziLang Built-in Global Objects

SwaziLang doesn’t just offer global functions—you also get powerful global objects with built-in methods for working with arrays, math, objects, time, and the program itself.
These are always available, and you don’t need to import anything!

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What Are Global Objects?

• Global objects are special built-in "toolboxes" for handling common data types and features.
• They contain useful methods grouped by topic (math, array, object, time, etc).
• You access their methods using dot notation: Object.keys(...), Hesabu.kubwa(...).

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Main SwaziLang Global Objects

1. Object

Work with objects: get keys, values, entries.

Methods:

• Object.keys(obj) — Returns array of keys.
• Object.values(obj) — Returns array of values.
• Object.entry(obj) — Returns array of [key, value] pairs (as arrays).

Example:

data ob = { name: "Amina", age: 20 }
chapisha Object.keys(ob)      // ["name", "age"]
chapisha Object.values(ob)    // ["Amina", 20]
chapisha Object.entry(ob)     // [["name", "Amina"], ["age", 20]]

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2. Hesabu

Math toolbox: numbers, statistics, trigonometry, and more.

Methods:

• Hesabu.kadiria(x) — Round to nearest integer.
• Hesabu.kadiriajuu(x) — Round up.
• Hesabu.kadiriachini(x) — Round down.
• Hesabu.kubwa(a, b, ...) — Largest number.
• Hesabu.ndogo(a, b, ...) — Smallest number.
• Hesabu.log(n, base?) — Logarithm (base 10 default).
• Hesabu.ln(n) — Natural logarithm.
• Hesabu.sin(x) — Sine.
• Hesabu.cos(x) — Cosine.
• Hesabu.tan(x) — Tangent.
• Hesabu.hypot(a, b, ...) — Hypotenuse (distance).
• Hesabu.rand(a?, b?) — Random number (see below).
• Hesabu.siNambaSahihi(x) — Is NaN (not a number).
• Hesabu.deg2rad(degrees) — Degrees to radians.
• Hesabu.rad2deg(radians) — Radians to degrees.
• Hesabu.alama(x) — Sign (-1, 0, 1).
• Hesabu.gcd(a, b) — Greatest common divisor.
• Hesabu.lcm(a, b) — Least common multiple.
• Hesabu.mean(...) — Mean/average.
• Hesabu.median(...) — Median.
• Hesabu.stddev(...) — Standard deviation.
• Hesabu.kadiriaKtkDes(x, digits) — Round to decimal places.

Random Number Examples:

Hesabu.rand()         // random float [0, 1)
Hesabu.rand(10)       // random float [0, 10)
Hesabu.rand(5, 10)    // random float [5, 10)

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3. Muda

Work with time, dates, and timestamps.

Usage:

• Muda(...) — Function: get current time, parse/format dates, convert between formats.
• unda Muda(...) — Class: create Muda object for advanced date manipulation.

Common Methods (on Muda objects):

• .mwaka() — Year
• .mwezi() — Month
• .tarehe() — Day of month
• .sikuYaJuma(fmt?) — Day of week (number or formatted)
• .saa(fmt?) — Hour (number or formatted)
• .dakika() — Minute
• .sekunde() — Second
• .millis() — Milliseconds
• .zone() — Timezone (usually "UTC")
• .ms() — Epoch milliseconds
• .iso() — ISO string
• .object() — Object with all time parts
• .eq(other) — Equal to other date
• .gt(other) — Greater than other date
• .lt(other) — Less than other date
• .diff(other, unit?) — Difference between dates
• .ongeza(unit, amount) — Add time (unit: "saa", "dakika", "siku", etc)
• .punguza(unit, amount) — Subtract time
• .setiMuda(field, value) — Set parts of date (returns new object)
• .fmt(fmt, zone?) — Format with custom pattern and timezone

Quick Examples:

chapisha Muda("YYYY-MM-DD H:mm:ss")      // Format current time
data d = unda Muda(2025, 10, 14, 19, 12, 17) // Create time object
chapisha d.iso()                         // Print ISO string
chapisha d.sikuYaJuma("ddd")             // Print day name ("Tue")
chapisha d.ongeza("siku", 5).iso()       // Add 5 days

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4. swazi

Control the program itself.

Methods:

• swazi.exit(code?) — Exit the program with a code (0 default).

Example:

swazi.exit()         // Exit program with code 0
swazi.exit(1)        // Exit program with code 1

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Summary Table

Object	Purpose	Example Methods
Object	Objects	keys, values, entry
Hesabu	Math/Numbers	kubwa, mean, log, rand, ...
Muda	Time/Dates	iso, mwaka, ongeza, fmt, ...
swazi	Program Ctrl	exit

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Pro Tips

• You can use these objects and their methods anywhere in your program.
• They’re always available—no need to import!
• For advanced use, check the class features and method signatures in the docs.

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Next:
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